Divorced and remarried

To have the media set the agenda of Pope Francis is paradoxical, since he does not want anybody to manage his personal schedule. His two secretaries must be, in his view, invisible, and in fact neither of them is a full-time secretary. Pope Francis personally manages most of his appointments, trying not to disappoint anyone (some of the meetings are less than five minutes long) and he places himself his phone calls. Obviously, all of the Pope’s private activity cannot be considered part of his magisterium. But, since it’s the Pope doing it, every gesture, every word uttered in private, can have many consequences.

Recently, news came out from Argentina that Pope Francis had spoken with a woman married with a divorced and remarried man. The woman wrote to the Pope complaining that she could not take the Holy Communion. The Pope reportedly phoned her back some months later, and would have said that «there are priests more Papist than the Pope» and advised her to go to another parish to take Communion.

Actually, the story’s details changed from one media to another as it was reported. The news broke out in Argentina, were a local radio and TV broadcaster picked it up from a Facebook posting by the woman’s husband. The story was then picked-up by the Argentinean press agency Telman, ricocheted to Italian outlets and after that to an English prominent newspaper, and thus disseminated all over the world.

The Holy See responded to the media reports with a short press release, underscoring that none of the Pope’s private activities «form part of the Pope’s magisterium.» Reports in the preceding days (i.e. treating these activities otherwise) had created a lot of confusion.

All true. It seems evident that there is an agenda to change the praxis of the Church on issues like that of communion for the divorced and remarried. The outcomes of the next two synods of bishops (the extraordinary synod of 2014 and the ordinary synod of 2015) which will deal with family issues are awaited with a great deal of anticipation. Pope Francis will not take a stance before these two meetings take place. Everybody is eager to know what is that he will decide.

Many expectations have been placed on Pope Francis’ pontificate. Pope Francis had been described as the man to break with the past in order to carry the Church into modernity. He was (and still is) defined in opposition to Benedict XVI. As if the Church would have started to change under Pope’s Francis pontificate. In fact, the Church has not changed. The truths of the faith have remained the same. Perhaps, the only thing that has changed is the approach. And it is mostly a matter of style.

Pope Francis is practicing an informal Papacy. The phone calls he constantly makes, the unscheduled interviews he keeps granting (the most recent one with a bishop who went to visit the Pope for an ad limina visit, and who then broadcasted the content of his conversation on a Chilean television station) are to be considered as the pastoral visits of a Pope who cannot leave the Vatican as often as he would like to.

However, making public the content of phone calls and meetings without proper oversight of the message in advance, or a heads-up to the Vatican communications offices, has its perils.

The greatest risk is having Pope Francis’ words manipulated.  Pope Francis loves to speak in broad terms, leaving the discussions open: it is part of his style. It is said that the then cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio strongly opposed the gay marriage law in Argentina. But sources from Argentina maintain that he actually did not want to take a strong stand. The members of the Conference of Bishops of Argentina had to convince him that, as president of the Conference, he had to take a strong stand. So he signed a declaration, but he never addressed the issue in his preaching and public remarks. His position above all is that of  «a son of the Church,» as he put it to journalists in the press conference in the plane coming back from the World Youth Day in Rio de Janeiro.

The Pope’s words seem to indicate that he will not change the doctrine for what concerns the divorced and remarried. Rather, he wants to signal his proximity to those, divorced and remarried, who are ostracized in the Church. Pope Francis has seen parishioners stupefied by divorced and remarried people in their communities attending mass –even if not taking Communion. He feels that there is a widespread view that the divorced and remarried should not even go to church. Pope Francis wants to underline that the divorced and remarried, even if they cannot take Communion, must not be marginalized from life of the Church. To the contrary, they must be included.

This pastoral approach is the model that Pope Francis wants to give to the Church. An inclusive approach, going to the encounter of everyone. Even lifting up the role of laymen and – why not – women in the ranks of the Church.

The Curia reform

Reviewing the role of laymen in the life of the Church is something widely speculated about, in the context of discussions about a possible Curia reform. As was the case with the issue of the divorced and remarried, discussion about the Curia reform are also at risk of following an agenda set by the media.

The Council of Eight Cardinals will meet April 28 to 30. On the table there are several drafts of proposals to streamline the Vatican dicasteries and to improve the organization of the Curia. The aim is to enhance productivity. There is also the notion of establishing a new Congregation, to be called “Congregatio de Populo Dei” (Congregation for the People of God), which would encompass the pontifical councils for Family, the Laity, and for Health Pastoral Care.

The new Congregation should be comprised of four offices: young people, women, family and pastoral health care. The heads of these offices should be prominent laymen and women.

In fact, prominent laymen are already in high-rank posts in the Holy See, working side by side with members of the clergy. This is nothing new. If news and proposals about it on the cardinals’ table are leaked,  it is an indication that that someone wants to push an agenda for the Curia reform.

As Pope Francis continues with his pastoral care, public and at the same time independent, out there is a world aiming at prescribing how to modernize and reform the Church. Ultimately, Pope Francis informality allows many to hide behind the ‘mens papalis’ (the Pope’s will) to push for some changes to the doctrine of the Church.

From this point of view, within the Church, the coordination of communication is lacking. Certainly, the Pope’s informality makes it difficult to follow everything he says and does. This difficulty is one of the reasons why Vatican communications seem unable to shield the agenda of the Church from pressures over it. In fact, the Pope himself does not seem willing to stem these pressures. According to sources, when asked about the phone call he allegedly placed to the Argentinean woman, the Pope reportedly answered that «it is unacceptable to discuss what I say on the phone.»

While the media pushes for reform, Pope Francis has shown he is no revolutionary: the Institute for Religious Works (the so-called Vatican bank) is still there, and almost all the heads of the Vatican dicasteries were kept in their posts. The Pope merely reshuffled the membership of a few congregations.

It was widely thought that Pope Francis would downplay ecclesiastical honorifics. But Pope Francis did not follow this path, and even made Monsignor Fabio Fabene –the new number two of the general secretariat of the synod– a bishop. The number of departments is growing (it is thought that ultimately Pope Francis will establish four different Secretariats to help him run the Church), but perhaps the central government of the Church has suffered in the process.

When John Paul II went off to the peripheries, there were people like Joseph Ratzinger, Paul Poupard, and Roger Etchegaray to run the Curia machine and to watch that every word uttered by the Pope was properly reported and their meaning well understood. Nowadays, who constitutes Pope Francis’ rearguard? And will they be able to break loose from the Papacy according to media, to project the real Papacy? 

Madrid. One million and a half of young people gather together to meet with the Pope. Can it be considered the triumph of Catholicism in Spain? Zapatero – a self confessed agnostic – profoundly changed the mood of Spain during the eight years of his administration. Quick divorce, gay marriages, decriminalization of abortion, no limits in-vitro fertilization had been some of the main points of Zapatero’s policy. Spain went under an unprecedented laicization. Religions had to be out of the public life, and that is why a few young people began the so-called war of chapels, making irruption in the University Chapels at the moment of the consecration.

In fact, Spain is still a profoundly Catholic country. The evangelical movement – as John Allen put it – is still strong there. Catholic religion is part of the Spanish history, and nobody seems to forget it when the pasos pass through the Spanish towns during the Good Friday, or in occasions of the several and Catholic feasts that held in Spain. On the other hand, there is a hard challenge to face for the Spanish Church: to encourage the faith and strengthen it, because the agnostic, atheistic, anti-Catholic movements are becoming strong and well organized.

During the first day of the Wyd, a group of indignados attacked a procession of faithful: eight of them had been arrested. Who are the indignados? The movement was born after an hatred anti-piracy legislation of Zapatero administration. The legislation was just a symbol: there is the 40 per cent young unemployment in Spain, and the economic crisis radically changed young expectation for the future. This generation view in the free download one of the last rights they can have, when they usually are obliged to accept a job under the level of their skill or – even worse – not to work at all. At the beginning, indignados did not have a manifesto. When the manifesto arrived, it was evident to many that indignados movement had been infiltrated by ideas different from the original ones. Indignados manifesto was coloured with anticlericalism, seeing the Church as one of the powers that suffocate the young generation. Now that the national elections are up to come, there is a movement of young people that does not want to stay with the Partido Popular, nor with the Partido Socialista, and that refuses the Church.

The news is that Rodriguez Zapatero, head of the Partido Socialista and premier until November, 20^th, tried to fight his fall of prestige by meeting the Pope. No surprise for the official meeting, which is part of the duties and the ceremonial of the head of a National Government. It was more surprising that he was present at the arrival of the Pope, even if it would not have to be there. During the flight, the Pope affirmed that  «the economy cannot function as a self-regulated economy. Man must be at the economy’s centre, which is not profit but solidarity».

When Zapatero and the Pope officially met, they talked about economy again. There were no tensions  during the meeting. Actually, the first four years of the Zapatero administration were indeed tense ones for Church-state relations. The prime minister’s social reform agenda inevitably angered the Church. The country’s bishops, led by  Cardinal José María Rouco Varela, responded with verbal broadsides, such as accusing the government of allowing «the elimination of half a million children» with the abortion reform. They also took the extraordinary step of barging further into the political arena by leading mass marches against gay marriage.

But in the last three or four years, relations have improved. The government has not followed through on electoral promises such as a euthanasia law and a reform of the religious freedom law (which, for example, means that those being sworn into public office do so in front of a crucifix). The «dignified death» bill which has replaced the euthanasia proposal has still riled the bishops, but the government reportedly pulled back from presenting the latter due to pressure from the Church. Abandoning the religious freedom law may be more due to other priorities, such as the economy, and that’s why Zapatero withdrew it after meeting with Benedict XVI. Is the Catholic Spain going to resurge?

The secularization movement that shaked all of Europe now is seeming to show its limit. In Hungary, a party of Catholic inspiration won the election and promoted a new Constitution founded on Christian roots. In Finland, Timo Soini, a Catholic nationalist leader, gained the 12 percent of the poll in Finland. Where the secularization was more aggressive, there a Catholic spirit as able to survive.

It happened in Madrid. In a country shocked by the economic crisis, Catholic resisted just like the Escorial, the big-fortress monastery where the Pope held two speeches, to the young members of religious orders and to the young Catholic teachers. El Escorial is a symbolic place for Spain. There King Charles V died. He retired  at El Escorial after having reigned and made of Spain the biggest kingdom in the world.

The last big Catholic king decided to leave is crown, and to pray the rest of his life. Many think of him as a saint. A few remember that he did reinforce his kingdom, but – in order to do it – he had to make wars and securing loans from several banks. When he left his crown, the kingdom was already in bankrupt. So, he decided to retire, and to pray.

Zapatero is now going to retire, and probably he will not go to pray. Many catholics see in its failure the symbol of what will be of the humanity if the values are exchanged with the profits, and when the individual rights become more important than the right of a community. The message the Pope gave to the young people is to «say ‘yes’ to God, build on the rock, and do not listen to promises of artificial and passing paradises». More than one million and a half people was ready to listen to it. The Christianity – evangelical, strong in its identity, brought on from the bottom – is probably now. Madrid signed in some way the evangelical turn of the Church. Is it the beginning of the resurgence of religion in Europe?